«IZVESTIYA IRKUTSKOGO GOSUDARSTVENNOGO UNIVERSITETA». SERIYA «POLITOLOGIYA. RELIGIOVEDENIE»
«THE BULLETIN OF IRKUTSK STATE UNIVERSITY». SERIES «POLITICAL SCIENCE AND RELIGION STUDIES»
ISSN 2073-3380 (Print)

List of issues > Series «Political Science and Religion Studies». 2026. Vol 55

Modern Political Science Approaches of China and India to Understanding the Role of International Organizations

Author(s)

K. A. Liloyan, O. A. Simonenko

Pacific National State University, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation

Abstract
This paper examines the role of international organizations within various theoretical paradigms of international relations, with a particular focus on non-Western approaches. The study aims to analyze how cultural and historical contexts shape alternative theories. The contemporary Chinese school of international relations encompasses three main theoretical frameworks regarding the organization of the global political landscape, exploring the role of international organizations as actors in world politics: the concept of a global institution, the theory of moral realism, and the relational theory of world politics. Indian theories of international relations offer diverse perspectives on the role of international organizations, viewing them as essential tools for achieving peaceful conflict resolution and multilateral cooperation (Nehruvianism), advocating for principles of nonviolence and harmony among peoples (Gandhism), considering these organizations as platforms for promoting moral and ethical standards (political Hinduism), or emphasizing that these institutions often reflect the interests of more powerful states (hyperrealism). The research highlights the necessity for reforming international organizations and underscores the importance of global cooperation.
About the Authors

Liloyan Konstantin Andreevich Specialist, Department of Career Guidance Activities and Marketing of Educational Programs Pacific National State University 136, Tikhookeanskaya st., Khabarovsk, 680035, Russian Federation e-mail: 2019101216@togudv.ru 

Simonenko Olga Anatolyevna Candidate of Sciences (Political Science), Associate Professor, Higher School of Social and Political Sciences Pacific National State University 136, Tikhookeanskaya st., Khabarovsk, 680035, Russian Federation e-mail: 001873@togudv.ru  

For citation
Liloyan K.A., Simonenko O.A. Modern Political Science Approaches of China and India to Understanding the Role of International Organizations. The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Political Science and Religion Studies, 2026, vol. 55, pp. 44-58. https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3380.2026.55.44 (in Russian)
Keywords
theories of international relations, world order, interstate interaction, international organizations.
UDC
327.7
DOI
https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3380.2026.55.44
References
  1. Arthashastra, ili Nauka politike [Arthashastra or the Science of Politics]. Moscow, Leningrad, AN SSSR Publ., 1959, 798 p.
  2. Wallerstein I. Analiz mirovyh sistem i situaciya v sovremennom mire [World-Systems Analysis and Situation in the Modern World]. St. Petersburg, Universitetskaya kniga Publ., 2001. 416 p. (in Russian)
  3. Grachikov E.N. Kitajskaya teoriya mezhdunarodnyh otnoshenij stanovlenie nacionalnoj shkoly [Chinese Theory of International Relations: Formation of a National School]. Mezhdunarodnye process [International processes], 2016, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 68-80. (in Russian)
  4. Grachikov E.N. Kitajskaya shkola mezhdunarodnyh otnoshenij: na puti k bol'shim teoriyam [Chinese School of International Relations: Towards Grand Theories]. Moscow, Aspekt Press Publ., 2021, 304 p. (in Russian)
  5. Krivohizh S.V. Drevnost na sluzhbe sovremennosti: teoriya moral'nogo realizma Yan' Syuetuna i budushchee mirovogo poryadka [Antiquity in the Service of Modernity: Yan Xuetong’s Theory of Moral Realism and the Future of World Order]. Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya [Global Economy and International Relations], 2017, vol. 61, no. 11, pp. 76-84. (in Russian)
  6. Kuznecov A.M., Kozinec A.I. Nezapadnye teorii mezhdunarodnyh otnoshenij – ot marginalnosti k priznaniyu [Non-Western Theories of International Relations – from Marginality to Recognition]. Ojkumena. Regionovedcheskie issledovaniya [Oikumena. Regional Studies], 2016, no. 4 (39), pp. 8-23. (in Russian)
  7. Marx K. Manifest Kommunisticheskoj partii. Principy kommunizma [Manifesto of the Communist Party. Principles of Communism]. Moscow, AST Publ., 2021, 160 p. (in Russian)
  8. Morgenthau G. Sistema mezhdunarodnyh otnoshenij. Nacii v borbe za vlast' [Politics among Nations. The Struggle for Power and Peace]. Moscow, Rodina Publ., 2023, 526 p. (in Russian)
  9. Ponka T.I. Kitajskij vzglyad na teoriyu mezhdunarodnyh otnoshenij [Chinese View on the Theory of International Relations]. Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya [Global Economy and International Relations], 2017, vol. 61, no. 10, pp. 76-86. (in Russian)
  10. Bajpai K. India’s Grand Strategy: History, Theory, Cases. New Delhi, Oxon, Routledge, 2014, 553 p.
  11. Balzacq T. Comparative Grand Strategy: A Framework and Cases. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2019, 368 p.
  12. Bidyanta S. Hyperrealism and Realist International Relations Theory. World Affairs: The Journal of International Issues, 2022, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 10-23.
  13. Finnemore M. National Interests in International Society. Ithaca, London, Cornell University Press, 1996, 176 p.
  14. Keohane R. After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1984, 320 p.
  15. Russett B. Triangulating Peace: Democracy, Interdependence, and International Organizations. London, New York, W. W. Norton & Company, 2001, 395 p.
  16. Waltz K. Theory of International Politics. New York, McGraw Hill, 1979, 256 p.
  17. Wendt A. Social Theory of International Politics. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1999, 447 p.
  18. Xu X. Global Economic Governance: China Finds Its New Role. China International Studies, 2018, no 1, pр. 108-123.
  19. Xuetong Y. Political Leadership and Power Redistribution. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 2016, vol. 9, no 1, pp. 1-26.
  20. Xuetong Y. Will the World Move into a New Cold War After the Pandemic? Rossijskij sovet po mezhdunarodnym delam [Russian International Affairs Council]. Available at: https://www.caixinglobal.com/2020-06-17/yan-xuetong-will-the-world-move-into-a-new-cold-war-after-the-pandemic-101568762.html (date of access: 01.07.2025).
  21. Qin Yaqing. Relationships and Process: The Cultural Construction of Chinese International Relations Theory. Shanghai, Shanghai People's Publishing House, 2012, 274 p. (in Chinese)
  22. Yang Xuetong. Shifting Global Power: Political Leadership and Strategic Rivalry. Beijing, China University Press, 2015, 296 p. (in Chinese)
  23. Zhao Tingyang. The Tianxia System: An Introduction to the Philosophy of the World Institute. Beijing, China University Press, 2011, 271 p. (in Chinese)

Full text (russian)