The paper analyzes the processes occurring on the border of ethnic communities. To deter-mine the term “diaspora” the author stresses upon some peculiarities that become apparent in a similar ethnic and confessional formation. It is on the border of diasporas where many processes are the most evident. It allows to investigate and find out the most significant factors influencing on a process of diasporas formation, ethnic adaptation, assimilation, and acculturation, processes of social transformation. In the area of interethnic contact there is a choice between possible ways of interaction of the minority with a surrounding society. The choice, in point of fact, is limited by three options: assimilation, isolation and separatism with all that it implies and diasporas formation. The last one is the most efficient form of ethnic culture conservation with an intensive interaction with the environment.