The paper is concerned with religious identity, which is a challenging and complex issue of the modern scientific humanitarian discourse. A complex interdisciplinary approach based on psychology, sociology, cultural studies and cultural anthropology methods is used. Data were collected using the method of Van Kamp D. (based on the Allport’s concept of internal and external religiosity) and the method of Leach C. It makes possible studying different levels of religious identity paying attention not only to internal experiences but also to the mechanism of behavior in different situations.

Confirmatory factor analysis revealed the fact that “individual external identity” and “individual internal (spiritual) identity” were more explicit components of religious identity, with the “social religious identity” factor being less explicit. Those factors can be viewed both separately and in connection with each other.

Each of these factors has the connection with Buddhist philosophy, Buddhist psychology involving individual and collective practices, which are seen in unity. The results of the research can be fully used for refinement of theoretical approaches to the problem of religious identity, as well as applied for practical problems.