The article deals with the problem of the relationship and interaction of spiritual, worldview and ideological aspects of social being of a modern Russian society and its ability to live in the basic social sectors. Viewpoint that there is no alternative to the historical experience of western civilization is proven to be invalid. The authors keep to the point of the civilizational differences between Russia and the West. Copying and transferring virtually all forms of western life at the turn of the century proved to be unproductive. Traditional values, outlook, national character are those self-sufficient entities without reliance on which any transformations are rejected with devastating consequences for the society. The conservative shift of the Russian leadership is both the manifestation of deep civilizational foundations of Russia and reflection of global processes associated with the crisis of the West. Patriotism and traditional values remain the ideological foundation of the Russian civilization.