The paper examines the Old Believers, who suffered from the Soviet authorities in the 30–40s. The author provides documents from the state archives of Chita region and the Buryat Republic. These archival documents contain information about the life of an Old Believers’ village in 30–40s, as well as destruction of religious life, completion of the churches, shooting priests and conservatives. The new archival documents enable to see an objective picture of the Old Believers in the 30–40s. The article is aimed at recreation a realistic picture of life in collective farms in the Old Believers’ village, and the attitude of the authorities to the religion in that time. Moreover, public documents of that period provided another opportunity to recreate an objective picture of the Old Believers’ life in 30–40s.