Application of methods of historical anthropology for optimization of countermeasures against Islamic radical associations is justified in the article. The methodological peculiarity of tendencies of historical anthropology is indicated – the existence of various methods of studying a human and manifestations of his activities. This enables to construct a methodological approach, depending on the specifics of the subject and the objectives of the research of Islamic radicalism. The history of Everyday Life (by Natalia L. Pushkareva, Martin Dingens) and Microhistory (by Elena V. Bannikova, Dmitry V. Kulikov) contributes to reconstructing life activity, focusing on everyday life and motivations of ordinary participants. The history of mentalities (by Aron J. Gurevich, Georges Duby) gives some insight into mutual influence of the ethical and axiological attitudes of the community and standpoint of an individual participant. The model of the functioning of the «Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan» terrorist organization is used for testing a methodological approach based on the methods of historical anthropology.