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«IZVESTIYA IRKUTSKOGO GOSUDARSTVENNOGO UNIVERSITETA». SERIYA «POLITOLOGIYA. RELIGIOVEDENIE»
«THE BULLETIN OF IRKUTSK STATE UNIVERSITY». SERIES «POLITICAL SCIENCE AND RELIGION STUDIES»
ISSN 2073-3380 (Print)

List of issues > Series «Political Science and Religion Studies». 2025. Vol 54

Models of Global Order Scenarios in the 21st Century: The Japanese Discourse

Author(s)

E. A. Goriacheva1

1 Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnology of the Peoples of Far East FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russian Federation

Abstract
The article examines the discourse of the academic community of political scientists and international relations experts in contemporary Japan, presenting their perception of key concepts related to the category of “global order.” It provides an overview of analytical perspectives concerning Japan’s place and role on the geopolitical stage. The article concludes that Japan holds a unique position as a participant in the world order system built by the United States, while at the same time, it is often perceived globally as a satellite of the United States, a “secondary state/middle power.” The Japanese experts underline Japan’s inherent aspiration to realize in the future a system such as a “rule-based international order.” The article includes overview of five global order scenarios that are highly likely to be realized in the 21st century, according to the Japanese researchers of international relations; the article emphasizes the growing role of Global South countries in the implementation of any of these scenarios. The conclusion is that the international order by the mid-21st century will most likely be characterized by balanced competition with elements of deterrence, where the United States and China will continue to dominate the global arena while seeking to minimize conflicts and maintain economic interdependence. At the same time, Japan seems to seek to develop and implement inclusive world order strategies attractive to developing countries.
About the Authors
Goriacheva Elena Alexandrovna, Candidate of Sciences (History), Senior Research Scientist Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnology of the Peoples of Far East FEB RAS 89, Pushkinskaya st., Vladivostok, 690901, Russian Federation e-mail: solo888@yandex.ru
For citation
Goriacheva E.A. Models of Global Order Scenarios in the 21st Century: The Japanese Discourse. The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Political Science and Religion Studies, 2025, vol. 54, pp. 74-92. https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3380.2025.54.74 (in Russian)
Keywords
Japan, China, Russian Federation, United States, the Asia-Pacific Region (APR), the Indo-Pacific Region (IPR), global order, international order, national security
UDC
327(520)
DOI
https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3380.2025.54.74
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