The article investigates the factors affecting the arrival of the Germans and modern processes of downsizing the German population of the Trans-Baikal Territory. The authors were the first to analyze the impact of objective conditions on the migration of the Germans in the Transbaikalia such as the geopolitical, historical factors and concluded that the historical memory of modern Transbaikalian Germans is an objective factor contributing to their departure from the region, their own and their ancestors’stay being considered as harsh and unjust punishment. Objective factors affecting the migration of the TransBaikal Germans are conditions connected with the deterioration of the demographic and economic situation in the region. At the same time there is some subjective factor that contributes not only to the preservation of the German ethnic group in Transbaikalia, but their union based on a sense of patriotism towards Russia, Transbaikalia, and their striving to revive their national culture and language.