The paper coincides with the remarkable date – the 365th anniversary of Albazin Ostrog. To retain and develop new lands the settlers sought spiritual support from the ancient wonder-working icons, connected with heroic glory of the first defenders of Albazin. A galaxy of Cossack’s shrines of the XVII–XVIII centuries in Dauria includes Icon of Albazin Mother of God and the Holy Savior’s Image from the Monastery of our Survivor, Icon of Kazan Mother of God. The Icon of the Dormition of Mother of God from Nerchinsk Monastery of the Holy Dormition has a special place. All these icons are associated with religious and ideological symbol of the Russian presence in the territory of ancient Dauria – Transbaikalia and the Amur region. The understudied period in the history of the icon Albazin Mother of God when it was kept in Sretensk Monastery for about 330 years is considered.