The influence of China images on the consciousness of contemporary Russians today is regarded as one of the most important topics in the interaction of this country and Russia. The aim of the paper is to study the processes of making and receiving China images today in the territory of Trans-Baikal region. The author discusses a sharp activation of myth-creation, connected with China, among the population of the Transbaikal. It is divided into the «alarmist», inspiring anxiety, and «pragmatic», tending to appease Chinese phobia mood among the Russians on the basis of rational argument. The paper supports the view that the «alarmist» images often come from the Russians, as well as political and administrative authorities in the territory of Russia, unhappy or frightened by the massive manifestation of the Chinese culture, and is associated with the desire of certain social groups to counter China and the Chinese with the regional community. The author argues that the pragmatic attitude is supported by the people interested in more close cooperation with China both in Russia and in China. The significance of the paper is to introduce into scientific use the documents from the Trans-Baikal archive pointing at dissemination of myths devoted to China as a tool of political pressure on regional and federal authorities by specific social and political organizations.