Narodnik I. N. Kharlamov’s character sketch “Arch-Priest Ivan Neronov” dedicated to one of the leading ideologists of the early period of schism is analyzed. Historiographical basis of I. N. Kharlamov’s views on the problem of schism is identified. The causes of schism, specific features of tendencies formed in the course of the conflict are considered. The image of arch-priest I. Neronov showed in the I. N. Kharlamov′s sketch is analyzed. The cultural and religious values, motives of I. Neronov’s preaching and philippic activity, methods of struggle, the nature of the relationship with his supporters and opponents are considered. The author presents his view on the reason of choice of I. Neronov as the main character of the sketch. Peculiarities of the Narodnik approach to the study of the problems of schism and the Old Believers are revealed.