An analytical overview of the condition, achievements and perspective of the development of visual anthropology of the Semeiskie Old Believers of Transbaikal in the modern Russian historiography is presented. Approaches that were largely developed in the works of modern researches are identified. They are the use of photo and video materials, as well as illustrations of illuminated manuscripts. The use of photo as a source for studying history and culture of the Old Believers of Transbaikal gained most development. The videos and illuminated manuscripts start to be used in a professional way, which is expected to give good results over the years.

With a wide range of achievements available a good number of visual anthropology approaches however still await being studied. They are the study of icons and lubok, which were widely used by Semeiskie Old Believers and the use of pictures by artists at different times and video recordings of professional researches, which are to fix the modern condition of various sides of Transbaikal Old Believers’ life and culture, which is passing through a tough process of dissolution in Russian society.