The paper is concerned with the problems of the Old Believers movement in the “Shchapov Scientific Conference. The History of Historical Thought” serial publication. Special attention is paid to the study of this aspect in monographs and papers by a contemporary researcher, Professor A. S. Madzharov, and his disputes with other writers on the problem. Other papers describing moral and spiritual background of the schism, Siberia’s and Far East’s Old Believers’ economic set-up, rituals, and matrimonial relations are also given attention to.