рус eng
«IZVESTIYA IRKUTSKOGO GOSUDARSTVENNOGO UNIVERSITETA». SERIYA «POLITOLOGIYA. RELIGIOVEDENIE»
«THE BULLETIN OF IRKUTSK STATE UNIVERSITY». SERIES «POLITICAL SCIENCE AND RELIGION STUDIES»
ISSN 2073-3380 (Print)

List of issues > Series «Political Science and Religion Studies». 2024. Vol 50

Educational Policy of the PRC in the Higher Education System after the Beginning of the Reform and Opening-up Policy

Author(s)
I. G. Aktamov, A. V. Kombaev
Abstract
The issue is devoted to the study of the main trends in the educational policy of the PRC government after 1978. The policy of reform and opening up announced during this period had a decisive influence on the process of modernization of the PR China. It has been proven that the main factor shaping the vector of development of education was the foreign policy implemented by the country's leadership. An analysis of sources and materials allowed us to determine that since the early 1980s there has been a process of transition from the Soviet model of education to the American one. Reforms in education affected changes in teaching methods, the organizational structure of universities, and a course was taken towards the integration of scientific research and teaching, and the internationalization of higher education. In order to achieve the set objectives, the projects “211”, “985”, “first-class universities and world-class disciplines”, etc. were initiated. In addition, the country's leadership began to implement a national system of ranking universities (Academic Ranking of World Universities), which also acts as one of the mechanisms ensuring the quality of education. Other higher education development programs are currently being adopted, with special attention being paid to increasing the number of applicants from among ethnic minorities of China. Structural and substantive reforms in the higher education system allowed China to achieve high indicators and become one of the world leaders by the first quarter of the 21st century.
About the Authors

Aktamov Innokentii Galimalaevich, Candidate of Sciences (Pedagogy), Doctor (PhD), Head, Laboratory “Oriental Languages Translation Center”, Institute for Mongolian Buddhist and Tibetan Studies SB RAS, 6, Sakhyanova st., Ulan-Ude, 670047, Russian Federation, Associate Professor, Department of History and Regional Studies, Buryat State University named after Dorzhi Banzarov, 24a, Smolin st., Ulan-Ude, 670000, Russian Federation, e-mail: aktamov13@gmail.com

Kombaev Aleksei Viktorovich, Candidate of Sciences (Political Science), Associate Professor, Department of Training of Management Staff of Internal Affairs Agencies, Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, 8, Zoya and Alexander Kosmodemyanskie st., Korolev, 141075, Russian Federation, e-mail: kombaev@mail.ru

For citation

Aktamov I.G., Kombaev A.V. Educational Policy of the PRC in the Higher Education System after the Beginning of the Reform and Opening-up Policy. The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Political Science and Religion Studies, 2024, vol. 50, pp. 110-124. https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3380.2024.50.110 (in Russian)

Keywords
PR China, reform and opening up policy, higher education system, educational projects
UDC
37.014
DOI
https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3380.2024.50.110
References
  1. Borevskaya N.Ye. Ocherk istorii shkoly I pedagogicheskoj mysli v Kitaye [An essay on the history of school and pedagogical thought in China]. Moscow, Institute of Far East RAS Publ., 2002, 146 p. (in Russian)
  2. Borokh O.N. Ot zapadnykh znanij k natsionalnomu uchebniku: evollyutsiya sotsial’noekonomicheskikh vzglyadov Li Tsuanshi [From Western Knowledge to National Textbook: The Evolution of Li Quanshi's Socioeconomic Views]. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2020, vol. 12, no. 3. pp. 426-451. (in Russian)
  3. Wang Yang. Reformirovaniye sistemy vysshego obrazovaniya v Kitae v XX – nachale XXI v. [Reforming the Higher Education System in China in the 20th – Early 21st Century]. Society: Sociology, Psychology, Pedagogics, 2018, vol. 3, pp. 62-71. (in Russian)
  4. Vorobyeva T.A., Yungblud V.T. Vzaimootnoshenia v treugol’nike SSHA – SSSR – KNR v kontse perioda razryadki mezhdunarodnoi napryazhennosti (1977 – 1980) [Relations within “Triangle” USA – USSR – China at the End of Détente (1977 – 1980)]. MGIMO Review of International Relations, 2019, vol. 1(64), pp. 59-82. (in Russian)
  5. Guleva M.A. Proffessionalnoye obrazovaniye v KNR i perspektivy yego razvitiya [Vocational education in China and prospects of it's development]. Asia and Africa today, 2020, vol. 12, pp. 51-57. (in Russian)
  6. Guruleva T.L. Universitety KNR: sovremennoye sostoyaniye i strategiya global’nogo razvitiya do 2035 goda [Universities of China: Current Status and Global Development Strategy Until 2035]. Science Journal of Volgograd State University. History. Area Studies. International Relations, 2020, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 185-197. (in Russian)
  7. Yevseev S.А. “Strategicheskij treugol’nik”: geopoliticheskiye protivorechiya SSHA – KNR – SSSR v Vostochnoi Azii v kontse 1960 – kontse 1970 [“Strategic Triangle”: Geopolitical Contradictions of the USA – China – USSR in East Asia in the Late 1960s – Late 1970s]. Bulletin of the Ural State University. 2007, Series 2, Humanities, iss. 14, no. 53, pp. 162-173. (in Russian)
  8. Klepikov V.Z. O reforme obrazovaniya v Kitae [On Education Reform in China]. Pedagogika, 2001, no. 9, pp. 67-69. (in Russian)
  9. Leshukov O.V., Frumin I.D. Flagmanskiye universitety: ot sovetskogo opyta k poisku novoi modeli [Flagship Universities: From the Soviet Experience to the Search for a New Model]. University Management: Practice and Analysis, 2017, no. 21(4), pp. 22-29. (in Russian)
  10. Li Menglong, Qin Bengchuyue and Bai Yajing. Istoria I real’nost’ “kitajskoj modeli” razvitiya vysshego obrazovaniya s tochki zreniya sliyaniya universitetov [History and Reality of the “Chinese Model” of Higher Education Development from the Perspective of University Mergers]. Historia Provinciae – the Journal of Regional History, 2023, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 527-575. (in Russian)
  11. Li Yanhui, Novaya dinamika vysshego obrazovaniya v Kitae [The New Dynamics of Higher Education in China]. Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin, 2015, no. 6 (28), pp. 151-160. (in Russian)
  12. Semenova S.S. Obrazovaniye v Kitae: istoriya i sovremennost [Education in China: History and Present]. TSPU Bulletin, 2012, no. 5 (120), pp. 126-130. (in Russian)
  13. Sidorova A.V. Kitaiskiy kosmopolitizm I Sistema visshego obrazovaniya KNR kontsa 1970-2000 [Chinese Cosmopolitanism and the System of Higher Education in 1970-2000]. RUDN Journal of Sociology, 2011, no. 2, pp. 79-86. (in Russian)
  14. Suvorova Ye.A. Stanovlenie sistemy obrazovaiya v Kitae vo vtoroi polovine XX v. [Buildup of the Education System in China in the Second Half of the 20th Century]. Russia and Asia-Pacific region, 2015, no. 1, pp. 198-204. (in Russian)
  15. Suvorova A.V. Osnovnye napravleniya politiki reform i razvitiya sistemy obrazovaniya v KNR v poslednei chetverti XX v. [Principle directions of policy of reforms and educational development in People’s Republic of China in the last quarter of the 20th century]. Russia and AsiaPacific region, 2016, no. 1, pp. 261-268. (in Russian)
  16. Shaoxue Jia. Realizatsiya zakona KNR “O vysshem obrazovanii” v Kitae: dostizheniya, problem I puti resheniya [Implementation of the Law of the People’s Republic of China “On Higher Education” in China: Achievements, Problems and Solutions]. Lex Russica, 2023, no. 76(8), pp. 109- 122. (in Russian)
  17. Chen Zhaoming. Reformirovanie sistemy obrazovaniya v Kitae [Reforming of China education system]. Humanitarian Vector, 2010, no. 1, pp.61-69. (in Russian)
  18. Shao Haikun. Stanovlenie i razvitie sistemy vysshego obrazovaniya v KNR v 1949– 2000 [The Foundation and Development of Higher Edication System in China from 1949 to 2000]. Lomonosov Pedagogical Education Journal, 2017, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 88-96. (in Russian)
  19. Cai Yuzhuo. Chinese higher education: The changes in the past two decades and reform tendencies up to 2020. Ferreira L. d. C., Albuquerque J. A. G. (eds.) China and Brazil: Challenges and Opportunities. Campinas, Anablumme, 2013. pp. 91-118. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/236869510_Chinese_higher_education_The_changes_in_the_past_two_decades_and_reform_tend encies_up_to_2020 (date of access: 22.10.2024).
  20. Cai Yuzhuo. Chinese higher education reforms and tendencies: Implications for Norwegian higher education in cooperating with China. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 233426307_Chinese_higher_education_reforms_and_tendencies_Implications_for_Norwegian_high er_education_in_cooperating_with_China (date of access: 13.10.2024).
  21. Cai Yuzhuo, Yan Fengqiao. Developing Chinese Higher Education in Tensions, An Conclusion [Encyclopedia of Educational Philosophy and Theory]. Springer, Singapore, 2019. pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-532-7_608-1
  22. Deng Xiaoping. Some Comments on Work in Science and Education. Vol. 2 of Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping Beijing: Foreign Language Press, 1984). URL: https://www.bannedthought.net/China/Individuals/DengXiaoping/DengXiaoping-SelectedWorksV2.pdf (date of access: 13.10.2024).
  23. Fan Guorui. Analysis of Education Policies and Legal Texts from a National Perspective. Changes in Educational Institutions in China: 1978-2020 [Handbook of Education Policy Studies]. Springer Nature, Heidelberg, 2020, pp.111-129.
  24. Fan Lianghuo. The Expansion of Education in China 1949-1995. The American Educational Research Association (AERA) Annual Meeting. Chicago, 1997, 30 p.
  25. Ka Ho Mok. Riding over socialism and global capitalism: changing education governance and social policy paradigms in post-Mao China. Comparative Education, vol. 41, no. 2. Available at: Riding over socialism and global capitalism: changing education governance and social policy paradigms in post Mao China (date of access: 22.10.2024).
  26. Martin Singer. Educated Youth and the Cultural Revolution in China. The University of Michigan, Center for Chinese studies, 1971, 116 p.
  27. Ogden Suzanna. Higher education in the People’s Republic of China: New directions in the 1980s. Higher Education, 1982. no. 11(1), pp. 85-109.
  28. Ross Garnaut, Ligang Song and Cai Fang. China’s 40 Years of Reform and Development. 1978-2018. Australian National University, 2018, 708 p.
  29. Suzanne Pepper. China's Education Reform in the 1980s: Policies, Issues and Historical Perspectives. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990, 196 p.
  30. Tsang Mun Chui. Education and National Development in China since 1949: Oscillating Policies and Enduring Dilemmas. China Review, 2000, 26 p. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/246015014_Education_and_national_development_in_China_since_1949_Oscillating_ policies_and_enduring_dilemmas (date of access: 22.10.2024).
  31. Vivien Stewart. Made in China: Challenge and Innovation in China’s Vocational Education and Training System. Washington, DC, National Center on Education and the Economy, 2015, 51 p. URL: https://ncee.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/CHINAVETFINAL.pdf (date of access: 21.10.2024).
  32. Wang Guo-hua. China’s Higher Education Reform. China Currents. Journal of the Center for Chinese Studies. 2010, vol. 9, no. 1. URL: https://www.chinacenter.net/2010/china-currents/9-1/chinas-higher-education-reform/#fnref-554-6. (date of access: 25.10.2024).
  33. Yang Zhong. Globalization and Higher Education Reform in China. URL: https://www.aare.edu.au/data/publications/2005/zho05780.pdf (date of access: 25.10.2024).

Full text (russian)